/* 全局样式重置和基础设置 */
* {
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
    box-sizing: border-box;
}

html {
    scroll-behavior: smooth;
}

body {
    font-family: 'Inter', sans-serif;
    line-height: 1.6;
    color: #333;
    background-color: #f8fafc;
}

/* 容器样式 */
.container {
    max-width: 1200px;
    margin: 0 auto;
    padding: 0 20px;
}

/* 导航栏样式 */
.navbar {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #667eea 0%, #764ba2 100%);
    position: fixed;
    top: 0;
    width: 100%;
    z-index: 1000;
    box-shadow: 0 2px 10px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
    backdrop-filter: blur(10px);
}

.nav-container {
    max-width: 1200px;
    margin: 0 auto;
    padding: 0 20px;
    display: flex;
    justify-content: space-between;
    align-items: center;
    height: 70px;
}

.nav-logo {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0.75rem;
}

.nav-logo-img {
    height: 60px;
    width: auto;
    border-radius: 6px;
    transition: transform 0.3s ease;
}

.nav-logo-img:hover {
    transform: scale(1.05);
}

.nav-logo h2 {
    color: white;
    font-weight: 600;
    font-size: 1.5rem;
    margin: 0;
}

.nav-menu {
    display: flex;
    list-style: none;
    gap: 2rem;
}

.nav-link {
    color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.9);
    text-decoration: none;
    font-weight: 500;
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
    padding: 0.5rem 1rem;
    border-radius: 8px;
    position: relative;
}

.nav-link:hover,
.nav-link.active {
    color: white;
    background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.2);
    transform: translateY(-1px);
}

/* 汉堡菜单样式（移动端） */
.hamburger {
    display: none;
    flex-direction: column;
    cursor: pointer;
}

.bar {
    width: 25px;
    height: 3px;
    background-color: white;
    margin: 3px 0;
    transition: 0.3s;
    border-radius: 2px;
}

/* 主要内容区域 */
.main-content {
    margin-top: 70px;
    min-height: calc(100vh - 70px);
}

/* 页面通用样式 */
.page {
    display: none;
    padding: 3rem 0;
    min-height: calc(100vh - 70px);
}

.page.active {
    display: block;
}

.page h1 {
    font-size: 2.5rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: #2d3748;
    margin-bottom: 2rem;
    text-align: center;
}

/* 实验室页面样式 */
.lab-intro {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
    gap: 3rem;
    align-items: center;
    margin-bottom: 4rem;
}

/* 轮播图容器样式 */
.lab-image-carousel {
    width: 100%;
    height: 400px; /* 固定高度确保一致性 */
    position: relative;
    border-radius: 12px;
    box-shadow: 0 10px 30px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
    overflow: hidden;
    transition: transform 0.3s ease;
}

.lab-image-carousel:hover {
    transform: translateY(-5px);
}

.carousel-container {
    position: relative;
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
}

.carousel-slides {
    position: relative;
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
}

.carousel-slide {
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    left: 0;
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    opacity: 0;
    -webkit-transition: opacity 0.5s ease-in-out;
    -moz-transition: opacity 0.5s ease-in-out;
    -ms-transition: opacity 0.5s ease-in-out;
    transition: opacity 0.5s ease-in-out;
    /* Edge兼容性增强 */
    filter: alpha(opacity=0); /* IE/Edge老版本透明度支持 */
}

.carousel-slide.active {
    opacity: 1;
    filter: alpha(opacity=100); /* IE/Edge老版本透明度支持 */
}

.carousel-slide img {
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    object-fit: cover; /* 保持宽高比并填满容器 */
    object-position: center; /* 居中显示图像的重要部分 */
    /* 实验室图像清晰度优化 */
    image-rendering: -webkit-optimize-contrast;
    image-rendering: optimizeQuality;
    -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
    will-change: transform;
}

/* 导航按钮样式 */
.carousel-btn {
    position: absolute;
    top: 50%;
    transform: translateY(-50%);
    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.9);
    border: none;
    width: 50px;
    height: 50px;
    border-radius: 50%;
    cursor: pointer;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    font-size: 18px;
    color: #2d3748;
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
    z-index: 10;
    opacity: 0;
    pointer-events: none;
}

.lab-image-carousel:hover .carousel-btn {
    opacity: 1;
    pointer-events: all;
}

.carousel-btn:hover {
    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 1);
    transform: translateY(-50%) scale(1.1);
    box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);
}

.carousel-btn.prev {
    left: 15px;
}

.carousel-btn.next {
    right: 15px;
}

/* 指示器样式 */
.carousel-indicators {
    position: absolute;
    bottom: 20px;
    left: 50%;
    transform: translateX(-50%);
    display: flex;
    gap: 10px;
    z-index: 10;
}

.indicator {
    width: 12px;
    height: 12px;
    border-radius: 50%;
    border: 2px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.7);
    background: transparent;
    cursor: pointer;
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

.indicator.active,
.indicator:hover {
    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.9);
    border-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 1);
}

.lab-text h1 {
    font-size: 2.5rem;
    color: #2d3748;
    margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
    text-align: left;
}

.lab-text p {
    font-size: 1.1rem;
    color: #4a5568;
    margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
    text-align: justify;
}

/* 最新新闻样式 */
.latest-news {
    margin-top: 4rem;
}

.latest-news h2 {
    font-size: 2rem;
    color: #2d3748;
    margin-bottom: 2rem;
    text-align: center;
}

.news-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(350px, 1fr));
    gap: 2rem;
}

.news-item {
    background: white;
    border-radius: 12px;
    overflow: hidden;
    box-shadow: 0 4px 15px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

.news-item:hover {
    transform: translateY(-5px);
    box-shadow: 0 8px 25px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);
}

.news-item img {
    width: 100%;
    height: 250px; /* 统一高度，减少缩放 */
    object-fit: cover; /* 保持宽高比并填满容器 */
    object-position: center; /* 居中显示 */
    transition: transform 0.3s ease;
    /* 关键清晰度设置 */
    image-rendering: auto;
    image-rendering: -webkit-optimize-contrast;
    -ms-interpolation-mode: bicubic;
    /* 防止缩放模糊 */
    transform: translateZ(0);
    -webkit-transform: translateZ(0);
}

.news-item:hover img {
    transform: scale(1.05); /* 悬停时轻微放大 */
    /* 悬停时保持清晰度 */
    image-rendering: -webkit-optimize-contrast;
    image-rendering: optimizeQuality;
}

.news-content {
    padding: 1.5rem;
}

.news-content h3 {
    font-size: 1.2rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: #2d3748;
    margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}

.news-content p {
    color: #4a5568;
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

.news-date {
    color: #718096;
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    font-style: italic;
}

/* 新闻页面样式 */
.news-list {
    max-width: 1000px;
    margin: 0 auto;
}

.news-item-full {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 400px 1fr;
    gap: 2rem;
    background: white;
    border-radius: 12px;
    padding: 2rem;
    margin-bottom: 2rem;
    box-shadow: 0 4px 15px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

.news-item-full:hover {
    transform: translateY(-3px);
    box-shadow: 0 8px 25px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);
}

.news-item-full img {
    width: 100%;
    height: 280px; /* 统一高度 */
    object-fit: cover; /* 保持宽高比并填满容器 */
    object-position: center; /* 居中显示 */
    border-radius: 8px;
    transition: transform 0.3s ease;
    /* 关键清晰度设置 */
    image-rendering: auto;
    image-rendering: -webkit-optimize-contrast;
    -ms-interpolation-mode: bicubic;
    transform: translateZ(0);
    -webkit-transform: translateZ(0);
}

.news-item-full:hover img {
    transform: scale(1.03); /* 悬停时轻微放大 */
    /* 悬停时保持清晰度 */
    image-rendering: optimizeQuality;
}

.news-item-full .news-content h2 {
    font-size: 1.5rem;
    color: #2d3748;
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

.news-item-full .news-content p {
    color: #4a5568;
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
    text-align: justify;
}

/* 领导页面样式 */
.leader-profile {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 400px 1fr;
    gap: 3rem;
    margin-bottom: 3rem;
    background: white;
    border-radius: 12px;
    padding: 2rem;
    box-shadow: 0 4px 15px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
}

.leader-image {
    width: 100%;
    height: 600px; /* 固定高度 */
    overflow: hidden;
    border-radius: 12px;
    box-shadow: 0 4px 15px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
}

.leader-image img {
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    object-fit: cover; /* 保持宽高比并填满容器 */
    object-position: center top; /* 人像照片通常显示上半部分 */
    transition: transform 0.3s ease;
    /* 领导照片清晰度优化 */
    image-rendering: -webkit-optimize-contrast;
    image-rendering: optimizeQuality;
    -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
    will-change: transform;
}

.leader-image:hover img {
    transform: scale(1.03); /* 悬停时轻微放大 */
    /* 悬停时保持清晰度 */
    image-rendering: optimizeQuality;
}

.leader-info h2 {
    font-size: 2rem;
    color: #2d3748;
    margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}

.leader-info h3 {
    font-size: 1.2rem;
    color: #667eea;
    margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
    font-weight: 500;
}

.leader-info p {
    color: #4a5568;
    margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
    text-align: justify;
}

/* 联系方式样式 */
.contact-section {
    background: white;
    border-radius: 12px;
    padding: 2rem;
    box-shadow: 0 4px 15px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
}

.contact-section h2 {
    font-size: 1.8rem;
    color: #2d3748;
    margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
    text-align: center;
}

.contact-links {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(250px, 1fr));
    gap: 1rem;
}

.contact-link {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0.75rem;
    padding: 1rem;
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #667eea 0%, #764ba2 100%);
    color: white;
    text-decoration: none;
    border-radius: 8px;
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
    font-weight: 500;
}

.contact-link:hover {
    transform: translateY(-2px);
    box-shadow: 0 4px 15px rgba(102, 126, 234, 0.4);
}

.contact-link i {
    font-size: 1.2rem;
}

/* 成员页面样式 */
.members-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(280px, 1fr));
    gap: 2rem;
    margin-top: 2rem;
}

.member-card {
    background: white;
    border-radius: 12px;
    overflow: hidden;
    box-shadow: 0 4px 15px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
}

.member-card:hover {
    transform: translateY(-5px);
    box-shadow: 0 8px 25px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);
}

/* 成员照片容器 */
.member-image {
    width: 100%;
    height: 280px; /* 固定高度确保一致性 */
    overflow: hidden;
    position: relative;
    background-color: #f8fafc;
}

.member-card img {
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    object-fit: cover; /* 保持宽高比并填满容器 */
    object-position: center; /* 居中显示，避免遮挡重要部分 */
    transition: transform 0.3s ease;
    display: block;
}

.member-card:hover img {
    transform: scale(1.08); /* 悬停时轻微放大 */
}

/* 如果没有使用容器div的情况下的备用样式 */
.member-card > img {
    width: 100%;
    height: 280px;
    object-fit: cover;
    object-position: center; /* 居中显示 */
    transition: transform 0.3s ease;
    display: block;
}

.member-info {
    padding: 1.5rem;
    text-align: center;
    flex-grow: 1;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    justify-content: space-between;
}

.member-info h3 {
    font-size: 1.3rem;
    color: #2d3748;
    margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    line-height: 1.2;
}

.member-role {
    color: #667eea;
    font-weight: 500;
    margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
    font-size: 0.9rem;
}

.research-direction {
    color: #4a5568;
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
    line-height: 1.4;
    flex-grow: 1;
}

.member-link {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    gap: 0.5rem;
    color: #667eea;
    text-decoration: none;
    font-weight: 500;
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
    padding: 0.5rem 1rem;
    border: 1px solid #667eea;
    border-radius: 6px;
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    margin-top: auto;
}

.member-link:hover {
    color: white;
    background-color: #667eea;
    transform: translateY(-1px);
    box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(102, 126, 234, 0.3);
}

/* 成员卡片高度统一 */
.member-card {
    min-height: 450px; /* 确保所有卡片高度一致 */
}

/* 成员照片显示模式选项 */
.member-card.fit-contain img {
    object-fit: contain; /* 显示完整图像，可能有空白 */
    background-color: #f8fafc;
}

.member-card.fit-cover img {
    object-fit: cover; /* 填满容器，可能裁剪 */
}

.member-card.pos-top img {
    object-position: center top; /* 顶部对齐 */
}

.member-card.pos-center img {
    object-position: center; /* 居中对齐 */
}

.member-card.pos-bottom img {
    object-position: center bottom; /* 底部对齐 */
}

/* 成员照片加载优化 */
.member-card img {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #f8fafc 0%, #e2e8f0 100%);
}

.member-card img:not([src]),
.member-card img[src=""] {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #f1f5f9 0%, #e2e8f0 100%);
    position: relative;
}

.member-card img:not([src])::before,
.member-card img[src=""]::before {
    content: "👤";
    position: absolute;
    top: 50%;
    left: 50%;
    transform: translate(-50%, -50%);
    font-size: 3rem;
    color: #a0aec0;
}

/* 特殊的全身照显示模式 */
.member-card.full-body {
    height: auto;
    min-height: 500px;
}

.member-card.full-body .member-image,
.member-card.full-body > img {
    height: 400px; /* 更高的容器以显示全身 */
}

.member-card.full-body img {
    object-fit: contain; /* 显示完整图像 */
    object-position: center;
}

/* 研究页面样式 */
.research-list {
    max-width: 1000px;
    margin: 0 auto;
}

.research-item {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 400px 1fr;
    gap: 2rem;
    background: white;
    border-radius: 12px;
    padding: 2rem;
    margin-bottom: 2rem;
    box-shadow: 0 4px 15px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

.research-item:hover {
    transform: translateY(-3px);
    box-shadow: 0 8px 25px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);
}

.research-item img {
    width: 100%;
    height: 280px; /* 与member页面接近的高度 */
    object-fit: cover; /* 保持宽高比并填满容器 */
    object-position: center; /* 居中显示 */
    border-radius: 8px;
    transition: transform 0.3s ease;
    /* 简化但有效的清晰度设置 */
    image-rendering: auto;
    image-rendering: -webkit-optimize-contrast;
    -ms-interpolation-mode: bicubic;
    transform: translateZ(0);
}

.research-item:hover img {
    transform: scale(1.03) translateZ(0); /* 悬停时保持硬件加速 */
}

/* 研究条目展开功能样式 */
.research-header {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: space-between;
    align-items: center;
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

.expand-btn {
    background: rgba(91, 179, 204, 0.1);
    border: 2px solid #5CB3CC;
    border-radius: 50%;
    width: 40px;
    height: 40px;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    cursor: pointer;
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
    color: #5CB3CC;
    font-size: 16px;
}

.expand-btn:hover {
    background: #5CB3CC;
    color: white;
    transform: scale(1.1);
}

.expand-btn i {
    transition: transform 0.3s ease;
}

.research-item.expanded .expand-btn i {
    transform: rotate(180deg);
}

.research-publications {
    max-height: 0;
    overflow: hidden;
    -webkit-transition: max-height 0.5s ease, opacity 0.3s ease, margin-top 0.3s ease, padding 0.3s ease;
    -moz-transition: max-height 0.5s ease, opacity 0.3s ease, margin-top 0.3s ease, padding 0.3s ease;
    -ms-transition: max-height 0.5s ease, opacity 0.3s ease, margin-top 0.3s ease, padding 0.3s ease;
    transition: max-height 0.5s ease, opacity 0.3s ease, margin-top 0.3s ease, padding 0.3s ease;
    opacity: 0;
    margin-top: 0;
    padding: 0 2rem; /* 与research-item的padding保持一致 */
    grid-column: 1 / -1; /* 占据整个网格宽度 */
    -ms-grid-column: 1;
    -ms-grid-column-span: 999; /* Edge旧版本的grid支持 */
}

.research-item.expanded .research-publications {
    max-height: 3000px;
    opacity: 1;
    margin-top: 2rem;
    padding: 2rem; /* 展开时显示完整的padding */
}

.research-publications h3 {
    color: #2d3748;
    font-size: 1.4rem;
    margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
    padding-bottom: 0.5rem;
    border-bottom: 2px solid #5CB3CC;
}

.publication-list {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 1rem;
    margin-top: 1rem;
}

.publication-item {
    background: #f8fafc;
    border-radius: 8px;
    padding: 1.5rem;
    border-left: 4px solid #5CB3CC;
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
    width: 100%;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
}

.publication-item:hover {
    background: #edf2f7;
    transform: translateX(5px);
}

.publication-item h4 {
    color: #2d3748;
    font-size: 1.1rem;
    margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
    line-height: 1.4;
    flex-grow: 1;
}

.publication-authors {
    color: #4a5568;
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    margin-bottom: 0.3rem;
    font-style: italic;
}

.publication-venue {
    color: #5CB3CC;
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    font-weight: 500;
    margin-bottom: 0.8rem;
}

.publication-link {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0.5rem;
    color: #5CB3CC;
    text-decoration: none;
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    font-weight: 500;
    transition: color 0.3s ease;
    margin-top: auto; /* 推到底部 */
}

.publication-link:hover {
    color: #4a90a4;
    text-decoration: underline;
}

.publication-link::after {
    content: '→';
    transition: transform 0.3s ease;
}

.publication-link:hover::after {
    transform: translateX(3px);
}

.research-content h2 {
    font-size: 1.5rem;
    color: #2d3748;
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

.research-content p {
    color: #4a5568;
    margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
    text-align: justify;
}

.research-tags {
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 0.5rem;
}

.tag {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #667eea 0%, #764ba2 100%);
    color: white;
    padding: 0.3rem 0.8rem;
    border-radius: 15px;
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    font-weight: 500;
}

/* 项目页面样式 */
.project-list {
    max-width: 1000px;
    margin: 0 auto;
}

.project-item {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 400px 1fr;
    gap: 2rem;
    background: white;
    border-radius: 12px;
    padding: 2rem;
    margin-bottom: 2rem;
    box-shadow: 0 4px 15px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

.project-item:hover {
    transform: translateY(-3px);
    box-shadow: 0 8px 25px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);
}

.project-item img {
    width: 100%;
    height: 280px; /* 与member页面接近的高度 */
    object-fit: cover; /* 保持宽高比并填满容器 */
    object-position: center; /* 居中显示 */
    border-radius: 8px;
    transition: transform 0.3s ease;
    /* 简化但有效的清晰度设置 */
    image-rendering: auto;
    image-rendering: -webkit-optimize-contrast;
    -ms-interpolation-mode: bicubic;
    transform: translateZ(0);
}

.project-item:hover img {
    transform: scale(1.03) translateZ(0); /* 悬停时保持硬件加速 */
}

.project-content h2 {
    font-size: 1.5rem;
    color: #2d3748;
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

.project-content p {
    color: #4a5568;
    margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
    text-align: justify;
}

.project-meta {
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 0.5rem;
}

.project-status,
.project-funding,
.project-duration {
    padding: 0.3rem 0.8rem;
    border-radius: 15px;
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    font-weight: 500;
}

.project-status.active {
    background-color: #48bb78;
    color: white;
}

.project-status.planning {
    background-color: #ed8936;
    color: white;
}

.project-status.completed {
    background-color: #667eea;
    color: white;
}

.project-funding {
    background-color: #e2e8f0;
    color: #4a5568;
}

.project-duration {
    background-color: #f7fafc;
    color: #2d3748;
    border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
}

/* 响应式设计 */
@media screen and (max-width: 768px) {
    /* 导航栏移动端样式 */
    .nav-menu {
        position: fixed;
        left: -100%;
        top: 70px;
        flex-direction: column;
        background: linear-gradient(135deg, #667eea 0%, #764ba2 100%);
        width: 100%;
        text-align: center;
        transition: 0.3s;
        box-shadow: 0 10px 27px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);
        padding: 2rem 0;
    }

    .nav-menu.active {
        left: 0;
    }

    .nav-menu li {
        margin: 1rem 0;
    }

    .hamburger {
        display: flex;
    }

    .hamburger.active .bar:nth-child(2) {
        opacity: 0;
    }

    .hamburger.active .bar:nth-child(1) {
        transform: translateY(8px) rotate(45deg);
    }

    .hamburger.active .bar:nth-child(3) {
        transform: translateY(-8px) rotate(-45deg);
    }

    /* 页面标题调整 */
    .page h1 {
        font-size: 2rem;
    }

    /* 实验室页面移动端 */
    .lab-intro {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
        gap: 2rem;
    }

    .lab-text h1 {
        font-size: 2rem;
        text-align: center;
    }

    /* 新闻网格移动端 */
    .news-grid {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }

    .news-item-full {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
        gap: 1rem;
    }

    .news-item-full img {
        height: 150px;
    }

    /* 领导页面移动端 */
    .leader-profile {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
        gap: 2rem;
    }

    .contact-links {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }

    /* 成员网格移动端 */
    .members-grid {
        grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(250px, 1fr));
        gap: 1.5rem;
    }
    
    .member-card {
        min-height: 400px; /* 移动端调整最小高度 */
    }

    /* 研究和项目页面移动端 */
    .research-item,
    .project-item {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
        gap: 1rem;
    }
    
    .research-header {
        flex-direction: row;
        align-items: flex-start;
        gap: 1rem;
    }
    
    .research-header h2 {
        flex: 1;
        margin-bottom: 0;
    }
    
     .expand-btn {
         width: 35px;
         height: 35px;
         font-size: 14px;
         flex-shrink: 0;
     }
     
     .publication-list {
         gap: 0.8rem;
     }
     
     .publication-item {
         padding: 1.2rem;
     }
     
     .research-publications {
         padding: 0 1rem; /* 移动端减小padding */
     }
     
     .research-item.expanded .research-publications {
         padding: 1rem; /* 移动端展开时的padding */
     }

    .research-item img,
    .project-item img {
        height: 200px;
    }

    /* 标签和元数据移动端 */
    .research-tags,
    .project-meta {
        justify-content: center;
    }
}

@media screen and (max-width: 480px) {
    .container {
        padding: 0 15px;
    }

    .page {
        padding: 2rem 0;
    }

    .page h1 {
        font-size: 1.8rem;
    }

    .lab-text h1 {
        font-size: 1.8rem;
    }

    .members-grid {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
        gap: 1rem;
    }
    
    .member-card {
        min-height: 350px; /* 小屏幕进一步调整高度 */
    }
    
    .member-info {
        padding: 1rem;
    }

    .news-item-full,
    .leader-profile,
    .contact-section {
        padding: 1.5rem;
    }
}

/* 平滑动画效果 */
@keyframes fadeIn {
    from {
        opacity: 0;
        transform: translateY(20px);
    }
    to {
        opacity: 1;
        transform: translateY(0);
    }
}

.page.active {
    animation: fadeIn 0.5s ease-in-out;
}

/* 图像通用优化规则 */
img {
    max-width: 100%;
    height: auto;
    display: block;
    /* 关键：防止图像缩放模糊 */
    image-rendering: auto;
    image-rendering: crisp-edges;
    image-rendering: -webkit-optimize-contrast;
    /* 在所有浏览器中保持清晰 */
    -ms-interpolation-mode: bicubic;
    /* 防止模糊的关键设置 */
    transform: translateZ(0);
    -webkit-transform: translateZ(0);
    will-change: auto;
    /* 防止字体平滑影响图像 */
    -webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased;
    -moz-osx-font-smoothing: auto;
}

/* 图像加载优化 */
img[src*="placeholder"] {
    background-color: #f7fafc;
    background-image: linear-gradient(45deg, #e2e8f0 25%, transparent 25%), 
                      linear-gradient(-45deg, #e2e8f0 25%, transparent 25%), 
                      linear-gradient(45deg, transparent 75%, #e2e8f0 75%), 
                      linear-gradient(-45deg, transparent 75%, #e2e8f0 75%);
    background-size: 20px 20px;
    background-position: 0 0, 0 10px, 10px -10px, -10px 0px;
    min-height: 150px;
}

/* 图像容器通用样式 */
.image-container {
    position: relative;
    overflow: hidden;
    background-color: #f8fafc;
}

.image-container::before {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    left: 0;
    right: 0;
    bottom: 0;
    background: linear-gradient(45deg, #f1f5f9 25%, transparent 25%), 
                linear-gradient(-45deg, #f1f5f9 25%, transparent 25%);
    background-size: 10px 10px;
    opacity: 0.1;
    z-index: 1;
}

.image-container img {
    position: relative;
    z-index: 2;
}

/* 强制图像清晰度类 - 关键修复 */
.force-crisp,
.news-item img,
.research-item img,
.project-item img,
.leader-image img,
.lab-image img {
    /* 最重要：防止浏览器自动模糊处理 */
    image-rendering: -webkit-optimize-contrast !important;
    image-rendering: -moz-crisp-edges !important;
    image-rendering: crisp-edges !important;
    image-rendering: pixelated !important;
    /* IE支持 */
    -ms-interpolation-mode: bicubic !important;
    /* 防止缩放模糊 */
    transform: translateZ(0) !important;
    -webkit-transform: translateZ(0) !important;
    /* 禁用字体平滑对图像的影响 */
    -webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased !important;
    -moz-osx-font-smoothing: auto !important;
    /* 强制硬件加速 */
    will-change: transform !important;
    /* 防止背面模糊 */
    -webkit-backface-visibility: hidden !important;
    backface-visibility: hidden !important;
}

/* 图像清晰度增强类 */
.image-crisp {
    image-rendering: -webkit-optimize-contrast;
    image-rendering: -webkit-crisp-edges;
    image-rendering: -moz-crisp-edges;
    image-rendering: crisp-edges;
    image-rendering: pixelated;
    image-rendering: optimizeQuality;
    -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
    -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale;
    -webkit-backface-visibility: hidden;
    backface-visibility: hidden;
    will-change: transform;
}

/* 高DPI屏幕优化 */
@media (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2), (min-resolution: 192dpi) {
    img {
        image-rendering: -webkit-optimize-contrast;
        image-rendering: optimizeQuality;
        -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
    }
}

/* 防止图像在缩放时模糊 */
img[src] {
    -webkit-transform: translateZ(0);
    transform: translateZ(0);
    -webkit-perspective: 1000;
    perspective: 1000;
    -webkit-backface-visibility: hidden;
    backface-visibility: hidden;
}

/* 响应式图像处理 */
@media screen and (max-width: 768px) {
    .lab-image-carousel {
        height: 250px; /* 移动端降低高度 */
    }
    
    .carousel-btn {
        width: 40px;
        height: 40px;
        font-size: 14px;
        opacity: 1; /* 移动端始终显示按钮 */
        pointer-events: all;
    }
    
    .carousel-btn.prev {
        left: 10px;
    }
    
    .carousel-btn.next {
        right: 10px;
    }
    
    .leader-image {
        height: 300px; /* 移动端调整高度 */
    }
    
    .member-image,
    .member-card > img {
        height: 220px; /* 移动端调整成员照片高度 */
    }
    
    .research-item img,
    .project-item img {
        height: 180px; /* 移动端调整项目图片高度 */
    }
}

@media screen and (max-width: 480px) {
    .lab-image-carousel {
        height: 200px; /* 小屏幕进一步降低高度 */
    }
    
    .news-item img,
    .news-item-full img {
        height: 150px; /* 小屏幕调整新闻图片高度 */
    }
}

/* 弹窗样式 */
.modal {
    display: none;
    position: fixed;
    z-index: 2000;
    left: 0;
    top: 0;
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6);
    backdrop-filter: blur(5px);
    animation: modalFadeIn 0.3s ease-out;
}

.modal.show {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
}

.modal-content {
    background: white;
    border-radius: 16px;
    box-shadow: 0 20px 60px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
    max-width: 90vw;
    max-height: 90vh;
    width: 800px;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    animation: modalSlideIn 0.3s ease-out;
    overflow: hidden;
}

.modal-header {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: space-between;
    align-items: center;
    padding: 1.5rem 2rem;
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #667eea 0%, #764ba2 100%);
    color: white;
    border-radius: 16px 16px 0 0;
}

.modal-header h2 {
    margin: 0;
    font-size: 1.5rem;
    font-weight: 600;
}

.modal-close {
    font-size: 2rem;
    font-weight: 300;
    cursor: pointer;
    color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8);
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
    line-height: 1;
    width: 32px;
    height: 32px;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    border-radius: 50%;
    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);
}

.modal-close:hover {
    color: white;
    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.2);
    transform: scale(1.1);
}

.modal-body {
    padding: 2rem;
    overflow-y: auto;
    flex: 1;
    max-height: calc(90vh - 100px);
}

.member-detail {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 300px 1fr;
    gap: 2rem;
    align-items: start;
}

.member-detail-full {
    width: 100%;
}

.member-detail-image {
    width: 100%;
    border-radius: 12px;
    box-shadow: 0 8px 25px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);
    transition: transform 0.3s ease;
}

.member-detail-image:hover {
    transform: scale(1.02);
}

.member-detail-info h3 {
    color: #2d3748;
    font-size: 1.8rem;
    margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
    font-weight: 600;
}

.member-detail-info .role {
    color: #667eea;
    font-size: 1.1rem;
    font-weight: 500;
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

.member-detail-info .description {
    color: #4a5568;
    line-height: 1.6;
    margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
    text-align: justify;
}

.image-container {
    margin: 2rem 0;
    text-align: center;
}

.member-intro-image {
    width: 100%;
    max-width: 100%;
    height: auto;
    border-radius: 8px;
    box-shadow: 0 4px 15px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
    margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}

.image-caption {
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    color: #718096;
    font-style: italic;
    margin-top: 0.5rem;
}

.description-formatted {
    line-height: 1.8;
    margin-top: 2rem;
}

/* 可点击成员卡片样式 */
.clickable-member {
    cursor: pointer;
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
    position: relative;
}

.clickable-member::before {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    left: 0;
    right: 0;
    bottom: 0;
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(102, 126, 234, 0.1) 0%, rgba(118, 75, 162, 0.1) 100%);
    opacity: 0;
    transition: opacity 0.3s ease;
    border-radius: 12px;
    pointer-events: none;
}

.clickable-member:hover::before {
    opacity: 1;
}

.clickable-member:hover {
    transform: translateY(-8px) scale(1.02);
    box-shadow: 0 12px 35px rgba(102, 126, 234, 0.2);
}

.clickable-member .member-info h3 {
    transition: color 0.3s ease;
}

.clickable-member:hover .member-info h3 {
    color: #667eea;
}

/* 弹窗动画 */
@keyframes modalFadeIn {
    from {
        opacity: 0;
    }
    to {
        opacity: 1;
    }
}

@keyframes modalSlideIn {
    from {
        opacity: 0;
        transform: translateY(-50px) scale(0.9);
    }
    to {
        opacity: 1;
        transform: translateY(0) scale(1);
    }
}

/* 响应式弹窗 */
@media screen and (max-width: 768px) {
    .modal-content {
        width: 95vw;
        max-height: 95vh;
        margin: 2.5vh auto;
    }
    
    .modal-header {
        padding: 1rem 1.5rem;
    }
    
    .modal-header h2 {
        font-size: 1.3rem;
    }
    
    .modal-body {
        padding: 1.5rem;
    }
    
    .member-detail {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
        gap: 1.5rem;
    }
    
    .member-detail-full {
        width: 100%;
    }
    
    .member-detail-image {
        max-width: 250px;
        margin: 0 auto;
    }
}

@media screen and (max-width: 480px) {
    .modal-content {
        width: 98vw;
        max-height: 98vh;
        margin: 1vh auto;
        border-radius: 12px;
    }
    
    .modal-header {
        padding: 1rem;
        border-radius: 12px 12px 0 0;
    }
    
    .modal-body {
        padding: 1rem;
    }
    
    .member-detail-info h3 {
        font-size: 1.5rem;
    }
}

/* 自定义滚动条 */
::-webkit-scrollbar {
    width: 8px;
}

::-webkit-scrollbar-track {
    background: #f1f1f1;
}

::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #667eea 0%, #764ba2 100%);
    border-radius: 4px;
}

::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #5a67d8 0%, #6b46c1 100%);
}